India and Japan have signed more than 100 business agreements covering sectors ranging from artificial intelligence and semiconductors to agriculture, clean energy, and space exploration, marking a significant expansion of economic ties between Asia’s second- and fourth-largest economies. According to Bloomberg and Reuters, the agreements were announced during the 16th India–Japan Annual Summit in New Delhi, where Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi hosted Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi. The deals reflect both countries’ efforts to diversify supply chains and deepen strategic cooperation amid shifting global trade dynamics.
The two leaders unveiled four joint statements covering economic security, maritime cooperation, artificial intelligence, energy resilience, and defence collaboration. Business agreements include partnerships in semiconductors, green ammonia, critical minerals, renewable energy, and a joint lunar mission, alongside agricultural projects to cultivate shiitake mushrooms and strawberries in India. Prime Minister Modi also noted that nearly 120 business agreements concluded over the past year are expected to attract more than $10 billion in new Japanese investment into India, supporting the broader goal of securing 10 trillion yen in Japanese investment over the next decade.
Japan remains one of India’s largest foreign investors, backing strategic projects including the Mumbai–Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail Corridor and expanding investments across manufacturing, finance, and advanced technologies. During the summit, the two countries also agreed on their first joint defence co-development project, adopted a roadmap on economic security, and launched the India–Japan Biogas Initiative, which aims to establish 1,000 biogas and organic fertiliser plants across India to strengthen rural livelihoods and clean energy production.
For both nations, the agreements underscore a growing strategic partnership built on resilient supply chains, technological innovation, and regional security. Analysts say the broad scope of the deals, from mushrooms to the moon, demonstrates how India and Japan are evolving beyond traditional trade and infrastructure cooperation toward a comprehensive alliance that positions them as key partners in shaping the Indo-Pacific’s economic and technological future.
